Guarantee – A legal promise that certain facts are true. Execute – To comply with legal requirements (e.g. signing in front of witnesses) that validate a will. The execution of a judgment or decree also means the implementation of the final judgment of the court. If you have a bias against someone, you judge them – you decide what they look like before you even know them. Some people who are prejudiced against a group have never met a member of that group. In this way, prejudice is often a failure to treat people as individuals. Although prejudice is often a personal belief, the prevalence of these beliefs can and does form the basis of systemic oppression. Contract – An agreement between two or more people that creates an obligation to do or not do a particular thing. A contract must have promised or given something of value, and a reasonable agreement between the parties on what the contract means.
The parties must be legally able to conclude binding agreements. Nolo Contendere – No competition. A plea in which the accused does not admit guilt, but which has the same legal effect as an admission of guilt in a criminal case. However, the plea of non-challenge cannot be used in a civil action related to the criminal charge to prove the civil liability of the defendant. For example, a nolo contendere plea for a traffic estimate resulting from an accident cannot be used to convince a judge in a civil case that the defendant is guilty of causing an accident. Admissible evidence – evidence that can be lawfully and duly introduced in civil or criminal proceedings. Lawyer – A licensed lawyer or legal advisor authorized by the courts to prepare, administer and negotiate court cases, prepare legal documents or otherwise represent the interests of citizens. Fiduciary – A person who has a legal relationship of trust with another person and has a duty to act primarily in the interests of the other: i.e. a guardian, trustee or executor. Self-defence – The claim that a criminal offence was legally justified because it was necessary to protect one person or property from the threat or act of another. Capital Crime – A crime that can be punishable by death. Legend – The title of a legal document that lists the parties, the court, the case number and related information.
Court – A governmental body empowered to settle disputes. Judges sometimes use the term “court” to refer to themselves in the third person, as in “the court read the brief.” Status – The legal right to take legal action. Only a person whose legally recognized interest is at stake is entitled to bring an action. Will – A legal statement that disposes of a person`s property upon that person`s death. A common and widespread form of prejudice is racism, in which a person believes in the superiority of what they consider their own “race” over others. This mainly takes the form of believing that people with other skin colors – especially darker skin colors – are physically, intellectually, morally and/or culturally inferior and therefore mistreat and discriminate against them. However, the word racism is often used to refer to more than bias or active hatred, but to a system of oppression based on such prejudice (often referred to as systemic racism or institutional racism). Joint and several liability – A legal doctrine that holds each party liable for a breach for any damages awarded in a lawsuit if the other liable parties are unable to pay. Comfort letter – A legal document issued by a court showing a director`s legal right to take control of assets on behalf of the deceased.
Used when the deceased died without a will. Void Contract – A contract that has no legal effect and cannot be enforced under any circumstances. For example, a contract to commit an illegal act is null and void. Ad Litem – Latin term meaning “for the purposes of the trial”. For example, an “ad litem” guardian is a person appointed by the court to protect the interests of a minor or a legally incapable person in a dispute. Capacity to make a will – The legal capacity to make a will. Less commonly, the word harm can also be used as a verb, meaning to cause harm against someone or something, because in bad press, many voters have prejudices against the candidate. Party – A person, company, organization, or government agency involved in the prosecution or defense of legal proceedings.
Comparative negligence – A legal doctrine in New Mexico that compares the actions of opposing parties in a tort case to determine each party`s liability, with each party liable only for its percentage of fault. See also contributory negligence. Adversary system – The experimental method used in the United States and some other countries. This system is based on the belief that the best way to establish the truth is to give opposing parties every opportunity to present and prove their evidence and to test the evidence presented by their opponents through cross-examination. This is done in accordance with the rules of procedure established before an impartial judge and/or jury. Dual criminality – Bringing a person to justice more than once for the same crime. It is prohibited by the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and by Article II, E of the NM Constitution. Due process – The right of all persons to obtain the guarantees and guarantees of the law and judicial procedure.
It contains constitutional requirements such as reasonable notice of trial, the opportunity to be heard by the judge, the assistance of defence counsel, and the right of defendants to remain silent, to have a speedy and public trial, to have an impartial jury, to confront each other and to find witnesses. Exclusionary rule – The rule that prevents illegally obtained evidence, such as property found during an illegal search, from being used in legal proceedings. Someone who has a prejudice against others can be called biased. Unfair treatment based on harm or causing harm can be characterized as harmful.