Latin, which means in the chamber of a judge. Often means outside the presence of a jury and the public. In private. 12th century, in the transitive sense 1a pro bono: free legal work; from Latin and means “for good”. Chapter of the Insolvency Code that provides for “liquidation”, i.e. the sale of a debtor`s non-exempt assets and the distribution of the proceeds to creditors. To be eligible for Chapter 7, the debtor must pass a “means test”. The court assesses the debtor`s income and expenses to determine whether the debtor can sue under Chapter 7. Bail Notice: A legal document from the court stating that the court will issue a warrant for arrest unless the defendant shows up in court or pays bail. Genetic test: A medical test to determine legal parentage. (See also blood test.) Amendment: A change or alteration, such as a change in sentence (which changes the terms of a defendant`s sentence) or a probation order (when a new probation warrant is issued that changes the terms of the original order). Undertaking: A promise made by a party or its lawyer in the course of legal proceedings, usually as a condition of a concession from the court or the other party.
The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court; Chief justices are determined by seniority The decision of a jury or judge that determines the guilt or innocence of an accused or determines the final outcome of a civil trial. Seizure: A legal proceeding that withholds a portion of a person`s salary and/or property to pay a debt. Garnishment of wages or income is generally involuntary. (See also direct deduction from income, withholding tax, withholding tax.) Investigation: A judicial inquiry (investigation) before a court of law or judicial officials authorized to conduct investigations, usually to determine the cause and circumstances of a death. Marshal: A peace officer who has the power to arrest, serve legal documents in civil matters and subpoenas, and act as a bailiff in the courtroom. An action brought by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a claim that the defendant failed to comply with a legal obligation that caused harm to the plaintiff. Guardian ad litem: An adult appointed by the court representing a minor child or an incapable person. (See also ad litem.) (2) an agreement between 2 or more persons establishing, amending or terminating a legal relationship. Warrant of Arrest: A written order issued and signed by a judge or bailiff directing a peace commissioner to take certain actions. May be: (1) an arrest warrant – orders a peace officer to arrest the person charged with a crime and bring them to trial for prosecution; (2) an arrest warrant – a judge`s order to arrest and bring a person to trial because the person failed to appear in court when they should; (3) a recall order – an order to remove information about revoked arrest warrants from Justice Department and state police computers in order to prevent erroneous arrests; or (4) a search warrant – a probable cause order that directs law enforcement officers to search specific premises for specific persons or things and bring them to court.
The function of the federal courts that takes place at the beginning of criminal proceedings – after a person has been arrested and charged with a federal crime and before they appear in court. Pre-Investigation Service officials are focusing on investigating the background of these individuals in order to assist the court in deciding whether to release or detain them pending trial. The decision is based on the likelihood that these individuals will flee or pose a threat to the community. If the court orders release, a pre-trial officer supervises the person in the community until the person returns to court. Imprisonment for two or more offences to be served simultaneously and not consecutively. Example: Two five-year prison sentences and a three-year term if served at the same time result in a maximum of five years behind bars. without prejudice: A term used when rights or privileges are not revoked or lost. The dismissal of an appeal without prejudice means that a new appeal may be lodged on the same ground if it falls within the limitation period. Points and authorities: Also called “P and A”. “Points and authorities” means the written legal reasoning advanced in support of or rejection of an application.
It contains references to previous cases, laws (codes) and other legal statements that emphasize either the legality of the requested request or the legal basis on which the court rejects the claim. Family Violence Indicator (FVI): The Federal Case Registry (FCR) uses this term to identify a person involved in a domestic violence case or order in another state. “FVI” means that the person has been involved in child abuse or domestic violence and says they should not disclose the whereabouts of a parent and/or child who the state believes is at risk of domestic violence. Custody: The rights and obligations between parents for their child(ren). A parenting plan should describe custody and physical custody that is in the best interests of the children. This term is also often used to describe who children live with. Adoption: The way to make the relationship between a parent and a child legal if they are not related by blood. Assault: Unlawful beating or physical violence or control of a person without their permission. (Compare to bodily injury.) Similar to an injunction, it is a short-term order issued by a judge prohibiting certain actions until a full hearing can be held.
Often referred to as TRO. coram nobis: A legal document used to inform the court of errors in the facts of the case. It is used to try to overturn the verdict. Comes from Latin for “before us, in our presence.” Latin, which means “in law”. Something that exists by law. Annulment (“nullity of marriage”): A lawsuit declaring that your marriage was never valid due to an unhealthy mind, incest, bigamy, too young for consent, fraud, violence or physical disability. Limited Representation: An agreement with a lawyer to obtain assistance in certain parts of a case for a fixed fee or a limited fee. Also known as “unbundled legal services” or “unbundling”. Order: (1) decision of a bailiff; 2. a directive of the Court on a question relating to the dispute in the main proceedings, ruling on a question referred for a preliminary ruling or ordering certain stages of the procedure.
Generally used to overturn a previous conviction, such as an order made after a hearing when a previous conviction is found to be invalid because certain legal standards were not met during trial and conviction. Or to set fees, such as an order ordering a defendant to reimburse the county for the costs of a court-appointed attorney. Or to explain the reasons, for example: an order to appear before the court to give the reasons why an act could not have been done, should not have been done or was not done. (See also court order, support order.) Suretyship: A legal instrument or document that holds a person or holds a person responsible for something. In court, bail is a written statement that requires a person to pay money to another person in certain circumstances. In criminal law, the constitutional guarantee that an accused receives a fair and impartial trial. In civil law, the legal rights of a person who is confronted with an adverse act that threatens liberty or property. Adolescent: A person younger than the legal age of adulthood, which is usually 18, but in some cases 21.
(See also minor.) Will: A legal document that lists a person`s wishes for what will happen to their personal property after their death. The right as set out in previous court decisions. Synonymous with precedent. Similar to the common law, which stems from tradition and judicial decisions. preval: A term commonly used to refer to a previous conviction. An official of the judiciary who has the power to adjudicate complaints before the courts.